What is the difference between culture as a variable and culture as an outcome in organizational studies?

• A. Culture as a variable is the product of strategy; culture as outcome is something to be measured.
• B. Culture as a variable is something to be measured and managed; culture as outcome is the result of strategy, structure, and leadership influences.
• C. Culture as variable is fixed; culture as outcome never changes.
• D. Culture as outcome is a random effect; variable is the result of leadership.

Answer: (B)