Which theory argues that job satisfaction results from motivators and job dissatisfaction from hygiene factors?

• A. Herzberg's Hygiene Theory of Motivation
• B. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• C. Theory Z
• D. McGregor's X and Y Theory

Answer: (A)

The main idea tested is that work attitudes come from two separate categories of factors. In Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, motivators are the aspects of the job that genuinely boost satisfaction when present—things like meaningful work, achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for growth. Hygiene factors are the surrounding conditions that prevent dissatisfaction when they’re adequate—salary, company policies, supervision quality, working conditions, and relationships with coworkers. The key point is that improving hygiene factors can remove dissatisfaction but won’t create true satisfaction; to raise satisfaction, you need to enhance motivators by enriching the job itself. That’s why this description fits Herzberg’s theory. The other theories don’t make this same distinction: Maslow focuses on a hierarchy of needs, Theory X and Y on management assumptions about people, and Theory Z on long-term, trust-based employment practices.